To put it another way, if one has a group of premises (statements), any conclusion they can draw from those premises that is logically certain is found via deductive reasoning, any conclusion they can draw that is likely given those premises is found via inductive reasoning, and any conclusion that draws not just from what the premises state but from what could also be the case but is not explicitly known for sure (and thus involves guesswork) is found via abduction. To put it another way, deduction deals with what is the case for sure, induction deals with what is likely the case, and abduction deals with a best guess as to what could be the case based on a limited set of information. In other words, Abduction is forming a hypothesis, induction is like analyzing the data from testing a hypothesis, and deduction would be used in drawing certain logical conclusions from the data gathered. The core concepts to remember are: deductive reasoning deals with certainty and involves reasoning toward certain conclusions, inductive reasoning deals with probability and involves reasoning toward likely conclusions based on data, and abductive reasoning deals with guesswork, involves reasoning toward possible conclusions based on guesswork (a best guess), and it is a type of reasoning that is used in formulating a hypothesis for further testing. These three methods of reasoning, which all other reasoning types essentially fall under or are a mix of, can be a little tricky to illustrate with examples… because each can work a variety of ways (thus, any one example tends to be misleading keep that in mind as you read through the examples below). In simple terms, deductive reasoning deals with certainty, inductive reasoning with probability, and abductive reasoning with guesswork. 2019 14(3): e0213361.Deductive, inductive, and abductive reasoning are three basic reasoning types. Different strength declines in leg primary movers versus stabilizers across age-Implications for the risk of falls in older adults? PLoS ONE. Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Arm Abductor Muscles. Training these muscles could help stave off falls and their downstream consequences. Research in a 2019 study in PLOS One showed that low strength in hip abductors and adductors could contribute to falls.
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